Final Thoughts on „From Urban as Site to Urban as Place“
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In the 1980s the people of Poland demanded freedom and political change in their country by staging their discontent with the communist system. Alongside strikes and demonstrations of the now famous trade union Solidarność, there were other forms of urban protest, such as the happenings of the Orange Alternative from Wroclaw. Although according to the recent academic work on pro-democracy movements in Poland, these protest strategies do not play a key role, their contribution to Poland’s transformation to democracy should not be overlooked. By focusing on selected happenings staged in the urban setting at the end of the 1980s, I will analyze the creative ways in which the Orange Alternative used the inner city of Wroclaw to produce new forms of protest. In doing so, I will examine the ways these forms of protests differed from those of other groups, especially Solidarność. Further, I explore the significance and influence they had in the process of Poland’s transition from communism to democracy.
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Since the 1970s urban spaces have increasingly been the focal point of conflict for politically active groups. Berlin, because of its occupied status, was in some aspects distinct from any other East or West German city, which is evident in the contin…
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Almost twenty-five years after the mass protest of 1989 against the socialist regimes, the relationship between individual and official memory has reached a crucial point. The question of what narrative or interpretation of past events is memorialized in the urban landscape—in cities where the actual protest and dissent took place—should be determined at both the national and local level. Do the protesters of the 1980s feel that their political actions are being accurately represented by official museums, monuments, and commemorative practices? Is the new post-socialist generation of youth interested in the way the past is inscribed onto their cities? This article compares how memory and place are connected in Leipzig, Germany, and Timişoara, Romania, two countries in which the challenges to commemorating protest have taken different forms since the transition to democracy.
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This article explores what many now perceive as a recurrent problem in Britain: urban riots. It was under Thatcher and her neoliberal policies that this phenomenon increased in scale: the inner cities of London and Birmingham (at the time undergoing u…
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