Hans-Walter Schmuhl, Volker Roelcke (Hrsgg.), „Heroische Therapien“. Die deutsche Psychiatrie im internationalen Vergleich, 1918–1945, Göttingen: Wallstein 2013.
Quelle: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002%2Fbewi.201501748
Archiv für Juni 2015
Die allmähliche Herausbildung des Konzepts ,Lichtquanten‘
The Gradual Formation of the Concept of ‘Light Quanta’. The complex concept of ‘light quanta’ which made its first appearance in Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper on a “heuristic point of view” to cope with the photoelectric effect and other forms of interaction of light and matter, has a rich history both before and after 1905. Some of its semantic layers lead as far back as Newton and Kepler, others are only fully espoused several decades later, yet others initially increased, then diminished in importance and finally vanished. Two historiographic approaches are discussed and exemplified: a) my own model of conceptual development as a series of semantic accretions, and b) Mark Turner’s model of ‘conceptual blending’. Both of these models are shown to be useful and will be further explored in my own efforts to come to grips with the complex process of concept formation.
Die Terminologie von Epochen – Überlegungen am Beispiel Frühe Neuzeit/,early modern‘
The Significance of Terminology for the Idea of a Historical Period – Considerations on Frühe Neuzeit/Early Modern. This article focuses on the relationship between the names given to historical periods and the attributed substance of that period. It argues that the possibility of a neutralisation in terms of substantive meaning depends on the terminology used to delineate a historical period. Considering the example of ‘early modern history’ the article sketches the usage of that term in twentieth century historiography. While it is clear that the concept cannot escape the inherent teleology of modernity succeeding pre-modern ages, the analysis shows that historians have used ‘early modern’ in surprisingly divers ways trying to overcome the semantic meaning of the term itself.
Iwan Michelangelo D’Aprile, Die Erfindung der Zeitgeschichte. Geschichtsschreibung und Journalismus zwischen Aufklärung und Vormärz. Mit einer Edition von 93 Briefen von Friedrich Buchholz an Johann Friedrich Cotta und Johann Georg Cotta, 1805–1833, Berlin: Akademie Verlag 2013.
Quelle: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002%2Fbewi.201501710
Lukas Meier, Swiss Science, African Decolonization and the Rise of Global Health, 1940–2000, (Basler Beiträge zur Geschichtswissenschaft 186) Basel: Schwabe 2014.
Quelle: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002%2Fbewi.201501747
Wissenschaftliche Begriffsbildung im Kreis der Accademia della Virtù in Rom um 1550
The Origin of Scientific Notions in the Circle of the Roman Accademia della Virtù around 1550. Between c. 1537 and 1555 a group of humanists, clerics, architects and philologists known as the so-called Accademia della Virtù got together in Rome to work on a program which was formulated in a letter by the Sienese humanist Claudio Tolomei in 1542 and published in 1547. Starting out with the intention to understand the only surviving antique book on architecture and architectural theory – Vitruvius’ De architectura libri decem – the program describes a series of 24 books, eleven containing the classical text and its translation with commentaries, 13 books systematically illustrating and documenting all known and available material remains from Roman antiquity. This program for a scientific classical archaeology in a modern sense was not only intended to serve the intellectual curiosity of some humanist antiquarians but to help architects and their patrons to develop a new architecture of the same high quality as the idealized Roman examples. To achieve this practical as well as theoretical goal it was obviously necessary to re-create the antique vocabulary of architecture and its rules as well as to unify the contemporary usage of notions and norms in a canon. The first results of this project seem to be the In decem Libros M. Vitruvii Pollionis de Architectura Annotationes by Guillaume Philandrier (Rome, 1544) – up to this day a very valuable explanation of ambiguous parts in the Vitruvian text. Until the 1980s, it was believed that this book was the only outcome of the ambitious project; but then two codices of drawings after antique reliefs were identified as preparations for one of the other 23 volumes – and, because of their systematic approach, regarded as the ‘first systematic archaeological book’. Now it seems that there are some other corpora of manuscripts and drawings documenting antique artifacts that should be regarded as results of the Accademia’s work, too, showing antique buildings, inscriptions and coins. Other results of the unfinished project may be the theoretical and practical works of the two most influencial architects of the sixteenth century: Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola and Andrea Palladio.
Tobias Cheung, Organismen. Agenten zwischen Innen- und Außenwelten, (Science Studies) Bielefeld: transcript 2014.
Quelle: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002%2Fbewi.201501751
Einleitung: Begriffsbildung – Begriffsgeschichte: Entstehung und Entwicklung wissenschaftlicher Konzepte
Quelle: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002%2Fbewi.201501717
Niels Werber, Ameisengesellschaften. Eine Faszinationsgeschichte, Frankfurt a. M.: S. Fischer 2013.
Quelle: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002%2Fbewi.201501716
Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 2/2015
Quelle: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002%2Fbewi.201590004