Mai 18, 2017, 8:00 am, Ludovic Garattini, Allgemein.
Le travail est souvent envisagé comme une activité professionnelle que nous accomplirions en échange de gratifications économiques ou sociales. Dans la continuité de cette vision du travail, la robotique est devenue, par les processus automatisés qu’elle présuppose, installe ou « remplace » au sein d’activités professionnelles de plus en plus variées, cela même que l’on identifie comme dépossédant des millions d’entre nous de leurs métiers et savoir-faire. Cet entretien est une enquête sur un robot scientifique auprès de l’équipe interdisciplinaire qui l’a conçu : Berenson l’« amateur d’art », ayant été expérimenté non plus seulement en laboratoire mais aussi dans les couloirs du musée du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac à Paris entre 2012 et 2016. Objet de recherche très particulier à la croisée de la robotique développementale et bio-inspirée et de l’anthropologie sociale des interactions, il permet de revenir sur certains préjugés concernant les robots au travail, en associant des prob…
Mai 18, 2017, 8:00 am, Sébastien Broca, Allgemein.
Cet article considère le champ d’études constitué autour de la notion de digital labour comme révélateur de deux tendances actuelles : la caractérisation comme travail d’un nombre croissant de temps sociaux, le rôle économique grandissant des processus d’automatisation algorithmique. L’hypothèse défendue est que l’extension de la notion de travail à des activités quotidiennes – comme utiliser un moteur de recherche ou porter un bracelet connecté – est dialectiquement liée au fait que, dans certains secteurs de l’économie numérique, l’activité humaine consciente n’est plus la seule source de la valeur. Autrement dit, les théoriciens du digital labour présentent comme du travail des activités que le sens commun ne considère pas comme telles, parce que ces activités servent d’inputs à des processus économiques où l’automatisation tient une large place. Il s’agit ainsi en quelque sorte de retrouver le travail dans les secteurs où sa centralité paraît remise en cause. Ce geste théorique,…
Mai 17, 2017, 3:03 am, Kathryn David, Allgemein.
Mai 16, 2017, 9:55 am, Maria Manuela Tavares Ribeiro, Allgemein.
Mai 16, 2017, 7:45 am, RORY HORNER, JAMES T. MURPHY, Allgemein.
We know less about the structures and processes associated with South–South production networks than about those with a South–North orientation. Using an inductive approach, in this article we explore these differences by analysing the everyday practices that Indian pharmaceutical firms employ to meet production and quality standards, access markets and innovate. We use extensive primary interview evidence to demonstrate that Indian pharmaceutical firms employ different business practices towards Northern and Southern end markets. Our findings reveal the presence of significant discontinuities within the Indian pharmaceutical industry. They also demonstrate how a practice-oriented approach to the study of GPNs can help to identify some of the micro social processes through which governance is achieved and transformed over time, and divergences in value creation, enhancement and capture trajectories between Southern and Northern end markets.
Mai 16, 2017, 7:45 am, CAROL CHAN, Allgemein.
In this article, I consider how and why some non-migrants partially inhabit migrant subjectivities. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Central Java, Indonesia, I describe the experiences of those who embarked on pre-departure migration processes, but failed to leave the country. Men were often victims of fraud; women typically ran away from the confines of training centres. When redirected away from the border spaces of airports and recruitment centres, they typically identify themselves and are perceived by kin and neighbours as ‘former’ transnational migrants. I analyse how migration infrastructure – intersecting institutions, agents and technologies – produces such subjectivities in-between conventional migrant and non-migrant categories. These positions in between leaving and staying illuminate the infrastructural conditions that enable, constrain and mediate transnational mobilities. These cases of non-departure show the expansive social and spatial effects of migration infrastructure beyond the facilitation of transnational movement. Such less considered (im)mobilities of non-migrants point to the diverse ways in which migration institutions and agents mediate the circulation of persons between and within national borders.
Mai 16, 2017, 7:45 am, FLORIAN BUTOLLO, TOBIAS TEN BRINK, Allgemein.
In this article we analyse the conditions for industrial upgrading in the Chinese LED industry, which proactive local state policies and expanding domestic markets have greatly facilitated. State initiatives provoked overinvestment, but eventually led to the emergence of competitive domestic enterprises. Simultaneously, firms benefited from a growing domestic market on which they outcompeted foreign companies in mid-price segments. The combination of these factors accounts for the peculiarly Chinese upgrading experience. Neither the resources provided by a new version of the ‘developmental state’ nor domestic market growth alone can explain the Chinese players‘ success. Based on these results, and given that the emerging economies have become the most important markets for certain consumer goods – a development that (local) industrial policies for industrial upgrading can influence – we provide further proof that it is necessary to rethink the export-led upgrading paradigm in theories of globally dispersed production.
Mai 15, 2017, 1:54 pm, Veera Laine, Allgemein.
Volume 45, Issue 2, March 2017, Page 222-237<br/>. <br/>
Mai 15, 2017, 1:53 pm, Fabrizio Fenghi, Allgemein.
Volume 45, Issue 2, March 2017, Page 182-205<br/>. <br/>
Mai 15, 2017, 1:53 pm, Evelyn Bytzek, Allgemein.
Volume 45, Issue 2, March 2017, Page 159-160<br/>. <br/>