Juni 3, 2016, 12:04 p.m.,
de Vivo, F.,
Allgemein.
Early modern diplomatic negotiation was conducted primarily through face-to-face encounters dominated by the oral medium, generally known as audiences. Yet ambassadors were very keen to take written records of the words spoken by themselves and their counterparts. This article considers the role of oral exchange in diplomatic audiences and the reasons why participants were so interested in recording and filing reports of those exchanges. This article begins with an analysis of diplomatic dispatches, the genre that has attracted most scholarship so far, but then goes on to trace the recording of audiences on the part of hosting sovereigns and their chanceries and secretaries. The article compares three examples: the transcripts of ambassadors’ speeches by fifteenth-century Florentine chancellors, the diaries of papal masters of ceremonies in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and, the most detailed example of audience records, the Esposizioni archive of thousands of ambassadorial speeches, replies and subsequent conversation, assembled by secretaries of the Venetian republic from the mid-sixteenth century onwards. These examples enable us to perceive oral culture in unexpected settings. Moreover, the Venetian case constitutes a typical example of archival transformation: an increase in quantity accompanied by a substantial and conscious improvement in preservation methods and retrieval tools. In order to explain this transformation, this article traces the uses that were intended and made of the records at the time, not just to report on current, but to inform future negotiations.
Quelle: http://ehq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/46/3/519?rss=1
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Juni 3, 2016, 12:04 p.m.,
Guidi, A.,
Allgemein.
A turning point in European administrative and documentary practices was traditionally associated, most famously by Robert-Henri Bautier, with the monarchies of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. By summarizing previous research in this field, as well as by using both published and unpublished sources, this article intends to underline an earlier process of transition connected to the development of significant new techniques for the production and preservation of documents in Renaissance Italian city-states. Focusing on the important case of Florence, the administrative uses of records connected to government, diplomacy and military needs will be discussed, and evidence will be provided that such documentary practices accelerated significantly during the so-called Italian Wars (from 1494 onwards). A particular reason of interest for Florence at this time is that a major role in the production and storage of a large quantity of state papers was played by Niccolò Machiavelli, one of the outstanding political thinkers of the age. This was especially true in connection to the new militia which he himself created in 1506. By stressing the role of information management and the importance of correspondence networks at a time of war and crisis, this article also contributes to recent scholarship which has focused on the growth of public records relating to diplomacy in Italy during the second half of the fifteenth century, as well as to a recent field of historiography which has lately gained importance: namely the ‘documentary history of institutions’.
Quelle: http://ehq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/46/3/458?rss=1
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Juni 3, 2016, 12:04 p.m.,
de Vivo, F., Guidi, A., Silvestri, A.,
Allgemein.
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Juni 3, 2016, 12:04 p.m.,
Silvestri, A.,
Allgemein.
From the late medieval period the Crown of Aragon was at the forefront of archival innovation. Culminating in the establishment of the Royal Archive of Barcelona in 1318, this development was not, as is traditionally stated, a mere imitation of external models but the result of an innovative historical process that had its roots in local history and reflected the structure of the Aragonese monarchy. As a result of the later enlargement and decentralization of the Crown, and especially after the advent of the House of Trastámara in 1414, the Aragonese developed an extensive system for record-keeping across the Mediterranean. By focusing on what I describe as a complex archival network, this article analyses a series of administrative developments, which are generally studied in isolation, as interrelated responses to similar needs across disparate and far-flung territories. The results differed within the Iberian dominions (Aragon, Majorca and Valencia) and in the Italian kingdoms of Sicily and Naples, with Sardinia somewhere in between. For all these differences, however, the establishment of a number of financial archives shows that this network had an especially crucial role in defending the royal patrimony in all the territories under the rule of the Crown of Aragon. The authorities also tried to use archives as tools for exercising pressure upon local political elites, as demonstrated, for instance, by the systematic inquiry into feudal possessions and pecuniary rights instigated by King Ferdinand II in early sixteenth-century Sicily. The outcome, however, was totally unexpected.
Quelle: http://ehq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/46/3/435?rss=1
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Juni 3, 2016, 12:04 p.m.,
Head, R. C.,
Allgemein.
While recordkeeping and record-using were important in Classical societies and early medieval Europe, rapid evolution and change characterized recordkeeping practices from the late Middle Ages throughout the early modern period. This paper recasts changes in Western European recordkeeping from the fourteenth to eighteenth century in terms of the differentiation of spaces and practices, thus challenging older literature that sees increasing accumulation around a foundational archivum as the primary mode of expansion. Empirically, the argument concentrates on developments in the German lands that produced highly sophisticated Registratur (practices that tracked and indexed a wide variety of circulating records) across the German sphere after 1400. As first argued by Ernst Pitz, early modern German archivists began differentiating conceptual and physical spaces for recordkeeping in the fifteenth century, thus producing both archives of charters and registries of informational records of many kinds. A close examination of developments in Habsburg Innsbruck confirms that both an ordered archive and a powerful comprehensive system of registry emerged simultaneously in the 1520s in one of the most sophisticated recordkeeping venues of the era. The paper also reconsiders the historiography of archives, emphasizing how the cultural, medial and spatial turns have transformed current research. By contrasting relatively stable medial forms – pen, ink and paper; roll, bundle and codex – with more dynamic and transformative medial configurations which can be studied through the systematic comparison of specific cases, I argue that new research on archival history offers fresh and less culturally bound approaches to the preservation of records in the archives that remain the foundation for historical research into the past.
Quelle: http://ehq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/46/3/498?rss=1
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Juni 3, 2016, 12:04 p.m.,
Gomez, A. C.,
Allgemein.
What sort of progress took place in the archives of Spain from the late fifteenth to the early seventeenth century? This is the question which this article seeks to answer by reflecting on the nomenclature assigned to various repositories of documentary memory, from ‘chest of privileges’ to ‘archival chamber’, whilst also focusing on the process of ‘archival consolidation’ which took place in different political and institutional spheres, from the Monarchy to municipal government. With this aim in mind, the article will also review a series of official regulations, beginning with the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, which sought both to rein in the disorder and dispersion of royal documents, and to promote the preservation of municipal and notarial papers. Given that no archive can exist without a basic system of order, this study also seeks to address the different forms of organization and control of documentary memory, emphasizing the diverse systems that were adopted and their purposes. This raises a final question, that of the uses of archives, which ranged from serving the needs of different levels of governance and administration, to the organization of an ever-growing body of information and its simultaneous use in the writing of history, as reflected in the work of diverse chroniclers in a period that was increasingly characterized by the practice of local historiography.
Quelle: http://ehq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/46/3/545?rss=1
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Juni 3, 2016, 6:53 a.m.,
Magdalena Dembinska,
Allgemein.
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Juni 3, 2016, 6:41 a.m.,
Oliver Schmidtke,
Allgemein.
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Juni 3, 2016, 6:33 a.m.,
Maria Bucur,
Allgemein.
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Juni 2, 2016, 9:35 p.m.,
Jan Marco Sawilla,
Allgemein.
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