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Science, Constitutional Medicine and National Bodily Identity in Brazilian Biotypology during the 1930s

Mai 29, 2016, 10:00 a.m., Gomes A., Allgemein.

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Summary</div>In Brazil in the 1930s, biotypology was a foundational doctrine for national medicine. Proposing a holistic view of the organism, biotypology was embraced as a medical science that could overcome approaches focused on illness rather than on the sick person. Among its various meanings, biotypology was described as ‘the science of the individual’. Its main scientific practices consisted of morphological, physiological and psychological evaluations that were determined through calculations and statistics. Biotypological studies operated beyond the realm of medical practice, informing eugenic, racial and national identity debates in Brazil. Biotypologists created systems for the bodily classification of Brazilians, established patterns of normality, and characterised individuals in biological terms. Yet biotypology also emphasized bodily norms derived from studying the collective to analyse the health of individuals in doctors’ clinical practice.</span>

Quelle: https://academic.oup.com/shm/article/30/1/137/2991124/Science-Constitutional-Medicine-and-National?rss=1

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The Patent Medicines Industry in Late Georgian England: A Respectable Alternative to both Regular Medicine and Irregular Practice

Mai 28, 2016, 10:00 a.m., Mackintosh A., Allgemein.

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Summary</div>Patent medicines in late Georgian England have been misunderstood. Rather than just being visible constituents of irregular practice, they were a separate, substantial, industry providing a wide range of popular products. Most of the prominent medicine owners were either reputable tradesmen who did not practise medicine, or medical professionals; they operated from fixed premises for substantial periods of time, and they employed practices specific to the industry. A minority of nationally-available medicines were indeed owned and distributed by irregulars who were regarded as quacks by contemporaries, yet even these participants attempted to follow regular medicine. Wholesaling was initially led by London booksellers, but later moved to medicine specialists and chemists. The patent medicines industry was a separate entity, different from regular medicine and from irregular practice though linked to both of them, and restoring it to its rightful place changes our picture of late Georgian health care.</span>

Quelle: https://academic.oup.com/shm/article/30/1/22/2991135/The-Patent-Medicines-Industry-in-Late-Georgian?rss=1

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