Quelle: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546545.2016.1168999?ai=z4&mi=3fqos0&af=R
This article examines the Bible study method known as the Bible Reading, which became popular among a segment of conservative evangelicals in the late nineteenth century. Scholars have closely identified it with the Common Sense approach to Scripture and have attributed its popularity to a conservative response to attacks on this approach. This article argues, however, that the Bible Reading is best understood as a devotional exercise that should be examined independently of these controversies. Exploring the devotional aspects of the Bible Reading nuances the standard portrayal of evangelicals in this period as being reactionary in their use of Scripture. In particular, it sheds light on the use of sentimental Bible study in the revivals of the late 1850s as well as the transatlantic holiness movement in the decades that followed. Ultimately, it argues that the exercise's popularity was due not simply to changes in the Bible's cultural status, but to changing conceptions of the Christian life.
Quelle: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1111%2F1467-9809.12366
Quelle: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00309230.2016.1178783?ai=z4&mi=3fqos0&af=R
Quelle: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644008.2016.1174694?ai=z4&mi=3fqos0&af=R
Which events did contemporary investors deem important turning points in the First World War? We address this question by looking for structural breaks in the daily yields of six major belligerents' sovereign bonds traded in Amsterdam. Detected breaks are checked for robustness in an empirical model taking into account market liquidity, portfolio effects, exchange rates, short-term interest rates, and inflation. Twenty-two turning points are identified, all of which turn out to be robust. We identify the Central Powers' spring offensive beginning in late March 1918 and the allied answer starting in late summer 1918 as the major turning points. Market liquidity is especially important in explaining the variation in yields.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/20/2/242?rss=1
This work combines economic and demographic data to examine inequality of living standards in Stockholm at the turn of the twentieth century. Using a longitudinal population register with occupational information, we utilize event-history models to show that despite absolute decreases in mortality, relative differences between socioeconomic groups remained virtually constant. The results also show that child mortality continued to be sensitive to short-term fluctuations in wages and that there were no socioeconomic differences in this response. We argue that the persistent inequality in living standards was possibly due to differences in residential patterns and nutrition.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/20/2/176?rss=1
This article is an attempt to explain the decline in pawnbroking over the late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century Europe, using detailed evidence from Karlskrona in Sweden, 1880–1930. I find that the decline is largely due to changes in demand for pawning, notably improved labor market conditions as reflected in rising real wages and employment opportunities. Instead, there is no evidence for an effect of changes in regulation, the availability of other sources of credit, or the expansion of the welfare system.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/20/2/198?rss=1
This article analyses the determinants of the demand for life insurance using sample data from the 1911 Census of Canada. We find that immigrants' demand for life insurance was on average around 13 percentage points lower than that of native-born Canadians, with the effect varying by province of settlement. We interpret these findings as evidence suggesting a greater appetite for risk among self-selecting immigrants relative to native-born Canadians. We also uncover evidence of a slow assimilation of immigrants in terms of life insurance holdings, slower indeed than the process of assimilation in terms of earnings.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/20/2/147?rss=1
Italy has been characterized, throughout its unitary history, by large regional differentials in income, level of industrialization, and development. This article aims at testing the New Economic Geography hypothesis on the role of market access in explaining these regional differentials. We first quantify the market potentials of the Italian regions. We then use these estimates to study the causal link between GDP per capita and market potential. The main result of this article is that only domestic market potential, which represents the home market, shows a "traditional" North–South divide. When international markets are introduced, the South does not appear to lag behind. Regression analysis confirms that market potential is a strong determinant of GDP per capita only in its domestic formulation. This suggests that the home market in this period mattered far more for growth than the international markets, casting new light on one of the classical explanations to the North–South divide.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/20/2/215?rss=1
I investigate the relation between institutions, markets, and preindustrial economic growth. In particular, I analyze the impact of coercive agricultural class structures on urban population growth in Poland. My main point is that the impact of the demesne economy based on serfdom on urban growth was neither inherently negative nor positive. Instead, I suggest that the effect of serfdom depended on market conditions. I propose a new mechanism that explains how higher monetary and labor duties charged by landlords to their enserfed tenant farmers could have made urban settlements more resilient to a market crisis. I find empirical support for this idea with use of new database on urban settlements.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/20/2/123?rss=1
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