Oktober 28, 2015, 4:03 p.m.,
Campbell, N. D., Stark, L.,
Allgemein.
This paper explores how ‘the human subject’ was figured historically and expands the interpretive range available to historians for understanding the subjective experiences of people who have served in medical experiments in the past. We compare LSD studies on healthy ‘volunteers’ conducted in two experimental settings in the 1950s: the US National Institutes of Mental Health's (NIMH) Addiction Research Center (ARC) Lexington, Kentucky and the NIH Clinical Center (NIHCC) in Bethesda, Maryland. Sources consist of oral history interviews, transcripts and archival documents including photographs and records. Political priorities and historical contingencies relevant for crystalising the expert domain of modern bioethics, especially the 1960s US Civil Rights movement, were central for producing the ‘vulnerability’ attributed to the modern figure of the ‘human subject’. Using Ian Hacking's historical ontology approach, we suggest how this figure of the ‘vulnerable human subject’ affected historical actors' self-understandings while foreclosing paths of historical inquiry and interpretation.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/4/825?rss=1
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Oktober 28, 2015, 4:03 p.m.,
Earner-Byrne, L.,
Allgemein.
Through an exploration of thousands of Irish begging letters, written between 1920 and 1940 to the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, this paper brings together medical history and the history of the scribal culture of ordinary people in order to offer a ‘new history from below’ of poverty, ill health and the patient. It examines the writing of health in the narratives the poor created; the relationship they constructed between ill health, religion, poverty and medicine; and the role this construction played in making a case for charitable consideration. It is argued that in the hands of these ordinary writers, medical language became a weapon of agency in the process of negotiation with their church. These authors appropriated the role of the patient, often using ill health to politicise poverty as an injustice.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/4/849?rss=1
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Oktober 28, 2015, 4:03 p.m.,
Madarasz-Lebenhagen, J.,
Allgemein.
This paper analyses the gendered understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in East and West Germany between 1949 and 1990. In both Germanys, so I want to argue, the connection between gender roles and socio-political thinking shaped the gendered course of prevention programmes. By considering the gendered nature of prevention programmes, I aim to contribute to the history of preventive health care in post-war Germany. Peter Baldwin has shown that the historical analysis of prevention practices can provide insights into the political and cultural contexts, in which they are applied and the link between concepts and structures in the development of prevention programmes. Accordingly, for the German case, the paper will highlight the relevance of interesting politics and cultural continuities by analysing the adaptation of an established health care system to social change and shifts in medical discourse.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/4/869?rss=1
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Oktober 28, 2015, 4:03 p.m.,
Blok, G.,
Allgemein.
This article highlights a source that can contribute to the history of migration and mental health: the case records of Eastern European emigrants who tried to enter America at the beginning of the twentieth century, but were refused entrance because of their alleged insanity. Some of these unfortunates ended up in the Netherlands, on their way back home, having travelled to the United States through Rotterdam with the Holland-America Line. Psychiatric patient files were analysed relating to 85 ‘insane emigrants’ who were admitted to Maasoord, a psychiatric hospital near Rotterdam. This article offers an evaluation of the possibilites of this type of source material and makes a plea for more research into the experiences of ‘insane emigrants’ in transit.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/4/889?rss=1
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Oktober 28, 2015, 4:03 p.m.,
Neher, A.,
Allgemein.
William Clift (1775–1849) was John Hunter's last assistant and six years after Hunter's death he became the first conservator of the Hunterian Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. It was the conservator's duty to anatomise murderers who had been sentenced to death and dissection. Clift dutifully fulfilled his role and recorded any medically noteworthy features of the bodies. But he did something quite out of the ordinary and singular when he drew careful and sensitively observed portraits of the freshly executed criminals. The drawings are captivating because of the way in which they occupy a representational space that does not fit within medical illustration, artistic portraiture, social documentary or any other conventional category. This paper explores the characteristics that the sketches have as representations and discusses the reasons that might have been behind their creation.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/4/902?rss=1
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Oktober 28, 2015, 4:03 p.m.,
Badger, F.,
Allgemein.
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Oktober 28, 2015, 3:45 p.m.,
Collini, S.,
Allgemein.
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Oktober 28, 2015, 3:45 p.m.,
Reid, R.,
Allgemein.
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Oktober 28, 2015, 3:45 p.m.,
Weir, T. H.,
Allgemein.
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Oktober 28, 2015, 3:45 p.m.,
MacDonald, A.,
Allgemein.
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