Juli 24, 2015, 4:48 p.m.,
Gordon, S.,
Allgemein.
The aim of this article is to analyse the popular perception of the nightmare in medieval Europe. The first section will explore the ways in which the base experience of the nightmare (as documented in neuropsychological research) was interpreted according to Church doctrine, classical dream theories and Galenic medicine. Then, with reference to the remedies used to protect the body against the mara found in Anglo-Saxon medical manuals and the tales of demonic/ghostly assault from twelfth-century Anglo-Norman literature, it will be seen how the authoritative interpretations of the nocturnal assault were replicated, rejected or interpolated in the rhythms of daily life. Ultimately, this article will argue that the nightmare experience can be read as an independent ‘text’; a universal function of the human body that is given substance and coherence depending on the habits, experiences and fears of the percipient.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/3/425?rss=1
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Juli 24, 2015, 4:48 p.m.,
Meghan Fitzpatrick, K.,
Allgemein.
Historically, venereal disease (VD) has represented a significant manpower problem for the armed forces and the Korean War (1950–53) was no exception. Amongst British, Australian, Canadian and New Zealand troops deployed to the Far East, rates of VD peaked at 387 cases per 1,000. Levels of infection far exceeded those recorded during the Second World War. Over the past several decades, historians have explored the intimate lives of fighting men throughout the twentieth century in great detail. Be that as it may, the Korean War has received little attention. This article represents the first analysis of the Commonwealth experience of VD. It examines how widespread the problem became, as well as the efforts to which officials went to reduce levels of infection. It also explores the reasons why venereal disease was so prevalent at this time and place, and why the Commonwealth Division, and the Canadians in particular, were so affected by it.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/3/555?rss=1
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Juli 24, 2015, 4:48 p.m.,
Webel, M.,
Allgemein.
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Juli 24, 2015, 4:48 p.m.,
Gerke, B.,
Allgemein.
Robert Saunders was a surgeon on the British Turner expedition to Tibet in 1783–85. In 1789, Saunders published a description of a mercury processing method for treating ‘the venereal disease’ that he witnessed at Tashilhunpo. Since Saunders himself used mercury for his patients, the question arises whether he described a Tibetan method of processing mercury or projected his own experiences on what he saw. This paper traces parallels of his description and analyses venereal diseases in Tibetan medical texts. The symptoms described in these texts cannot be easily equated with modern syphilis. This article explores the following questions: How were venereal diseases classified in Tibetan medical texts? Were mercurials mentioned to treat them? Were they intended to cause salivation? In answering these questions, the heterogeneity and exchange of medical practices in Tibet from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century, involving the use of mercury for venereal treatments, becomes apparent.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/3/532?rss=1
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Juli 24, 2015, 4:48 p.m.,
Brown, M.,
Allgemein.
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Juli 24, 2015, 4:48 p.m.,
Elliot, R.,
Allgemein.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the West German government was faced with the challenge of addressing a damaging health behaviour, smoking, in the context of an emerging late modern democracy, when the precedent for addressing that behaviour was set in the Nazi past. This paper details the two-pronged approach which the government took: seeking restrictions on cigarette advertising, whilst educating young people to adopt positive health behaviours in the face of pressure to smoke. This approach can be understood in the social and economic context of the time: an economic commitment to the social market economy worked against restrictions on the sale of cigarettes; whilst concerns about past authoritarian structures prompted the health authorities to seek novel ways of addressing smoking, emphasising choice. In a nuanced way, post-war anti-smoking strategies were a response to West Germany's National Socialist past, but more importantly, a signal of an increasingly international outlook.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/3/509?rss=1
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Juli 24, 2015, 4:48 p.m.,
Raber, K.,
Allgemein.
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Juli 24, 2015, 4:48 p.m.,
Ferguson, A. H.,
Allgemein.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) was defined in 1969 and incorporated into the International Classification of Diseases a decade later. To advocates of SIDS as a diagnosis, medical interest in sudden infant death was long overdue. However, the definition of SIDS lacked positive diagnostic criteria, provoking some to view it as a ‘diagnostic dustbin’ for the disposal of problematic cases where cause of death was unclear. This paper examines the development of medical interest in sudden infant death in Britain during the middle decades of the twentieth century. It highlights the importance of recognising the historicity of SIDS as a diagnosis facilitated by changes in law and medicine over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It suggests that SIDS provides a definitive case study of the medicalisation of life and death, and a unique example of an officially recognised disease that had no symptoms, signs, pathology or patients.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/3/487?rss=1
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Juli 24, 2015, 4:48 p.m.,
Gamble, V. N.,
Allgemein.
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Juli 24, 2015, 4:48 p.m.,
Newton, H.,
Allgemein.
The ‘golden saying’ in early modern medicine was ‘Nature is the healer of disease’. This article uncovers the meaning and significance of this forgotten axiom by investigating perceptions of the agents and physiological processes of recovery from illness in England, c.1580–1720. Drawing on sources such as medical texts and diaries, it shows that doctors and laypeople attributed recovery to three agents—God, Nature and the practitioner. While scholars are familiar with the roles of providence and medicine, the vital agency of Nature has been overlooked. In theory, the agents operated in a hierarchy: Nature was ‘God's instrument’, and the physician, ‘Nature's servant’; but in practice the power balance was more ambivalent. Nature was depicted both as a housewife who cooked and cleaned the humours, and as a warrior who defeated the disease. Through exploring these complex dynamics, the article sheds fresh light on concepts of gender, disease and bodies.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/3/465?rss=1
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