April 27, 2015, 5:56 p.m.,
Harsch, D.,
Allgemein.
The article examines West German medical discourse about smoking and lung cancer. Drawing on articles in medical journals and the press, books by physicians, documents in the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library and the German Federal Archive, it reconstructs the extent, sources and interpretation of tobacco-related knowledge. Medical writers, it finds, were well-informed about Nazi-era German and postwar international research. Researchers and physicians generally accepted the science of critical tobacco research by the 1960s. They did not, however, advance lung cancer and smoking to the status of a public-health crisis or call for state regulation of smoking. This response reflected a reaction against National Socialist health policies but was shaped, above all, by postwar conditions, institutions, and professional and corporate interests.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/2/369?rss=1
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April 27, 2015, 5:56 p.m.,
Boddice, R.,
Allgemein.
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April 27, 2015, 5:56 p.m.,
Guvenc-Salgirli, S.,
Allgemein.
In 1930s Turkey, doctors frequently emphasized self-sacrifice in their public speeches through radio, talks given at various medical conventions and university lectures. This article aims to problematise this discourse through the way the doctors utilised it pragmatically to resolve certain issues that were important for their community. Two controversies will form the focus of the paper: the first concerns the employment problem of new graduates of the Faculty of Medicine. The second is the income tax controversy that took place between the doctors and government in the first half of the 1930s, during the preparations of a new tax law. In the final part of this article, I will argue that these two controversies are linked to the question of advancement of medical knowledge.
Quelle: http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/28/2/351?rss=1
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April 27, 2015, 5:56 p.m.,
Goldberg, D.,
Allgemein.
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April 27, 2015, 5:56 p.m.,
Mold, A.,
Allgemein.
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April 26, 2015, 6:14 p.m.,
Roberto Lusardi,
Allgemein.
The article analyses the existing gap between the formal dimension of evidence-based medicine (EBM), as constituted by protocols, procedures, and guidelines, and actual professional practices in relation to a specific issue: the admission of patients to an intensive care unit (ICU). The results of a case study, carried out in the ICU of a hospital in the north of Italy between 2006 and 2007 are reported. The study was performed using ethnographic methods: participant observation, ethnographic interviews, and semi-structured interviews. Empirical data have been analysed using a grounded theory approach. The results show how three dimensions (macrosocial, organisational-interactional, and individual) become intertwined with the operational guidelines that have been drafted on the basis of international evidence. The standardisation process that the guidelines presuppose results in the adoption of a variety of different local styles with respect to the approach that individual doctors take in relation to the admission of a patient to an ICU. These styles can range from strict adherence to the international criteria to a greater compliance with medical–legal, organisational, and individual needs. Furthermore, the results of the study demonstrate how relational knowledge, as a form of situated knowledge, can allow the personnel involved to activate local resources (organisational, professional, and personal) in order to incorporate the formal prescriptions of EBM in professional practice.
URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1502261
Quelle: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/2234
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April 26, 2015, 6:00 p.m.,
Nicolás Schöngut Grollmus, Joan Pujol Tarrés,
Allgemein.
Despite narrative inquiry being widely established in the social sciences, it is practiced in diverse ways, depending on the theoretical and epistemological stances of researchers. In this article we analyze six narratives of investigators recounting their narrative research experiences as a way to incorporate diversity within this field of inquiry. From a narrative analysis perspective, we explain our results through two different texts. The first tackles theoretical, methodological, and technical issues of narrative inquiry, while the second focuses on ethical and political aspects of the researcher's narrative experiences. These texts allow us to construct a reflexive approach to the implementation of different forms of narrative inquiry, considering their theoretical and epistemological premises of its practice.
URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1502243
Quelle: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/2207
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April 26, 2015, 5:49 p.m.,
Martina Kolanoski, Oren Livio, Thomas Scheffer,
Allgemein.
This report was written by the organizers of the workshop "Accounting for Combat-Related Killings," which took place at the Goethe University Frankfurt in July 2014. Scholars from Israel, the United Kingdom, the United States,, Canada, and Germany came together to present and discuss case studies on the discourse practices involved in accounting for combat-related killings in different national and transnational contexts. Intending to reflect on the methodological skills needed to analyze newly available process data, the workshop brought together scholars using different methodological approaches (here mainly ethnomethodology and critical discourse analysis). In regard to the global trend towards increasing numbers of so called permanent, asymmetric, small, and permanent wars, the report turns to concepts, methods, and empirical findings that foster understandings of the difficulties war generates at social, cultural and political levels as well as the manner in which these predicaments are negotiated, denied, or deflected. The report summarizes the workshop by presenting the papers in a specific order, beginning with accounting in combat, followed by tribunals of accounting, and finally the sedimentation of accounting in cultural representations.
URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1502239
Quelle: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/2328
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April 26, 2015, 5:33 p.m.,
Stephanie Bethmann, Debora Niermann,
Allgemein.
In this article a comparison between processes of knowledge construction in qualitative research is drawn between Germany and the United States. Based on preliminary research findings, we propose a distinction between two ideal types of research practices—engaging and observing—that differ along the lines of closeness and distance towards the subject under study. Both closeness and distance are conceptualized not as inner mindsets of the researcher or as rigorously different national styles, but rather as the outcome of practices that are grounded in respective national research routines, conventions, conditions, and epistemologies. While both interactional patterns are rooted in American pragmatist thought, we discuss striking national differences in methodological references to this philosophy: In Germany, epistemological implications of American pragmatism are central to methodological debate. In contrast, in the US the political implications of an intellectual activism implied in American pragmatism are of greater importance. We close the article by arguing for an empirically grounded reflexivity in qualitative research.
URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1502191
Quelle: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/2216
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April 24, 2015, 3:52 p.m.,
Christof Roos,
Allgemein.
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