Februar 19, 2015, 2:16 a.m.,
Akhtar, S.,
Allgemein.
This paper dissects the ways in which Fordist and other corporate and state actors laid social and urban frameworks for Detroit in the early twentieth century and considers the urban practices of immigrant groups as these industries declined. I look at Arab and South Asian immigrants, many of whom arrived in the United States during periods of intense economic and national crises, and examine how they navigated through an "Americanized" and industrially fractured landscape. I argue that these immigrant groups drew into dense immigrant-oriented neighborhoods, where each community had their own means of propagating identity through national and religious forms, constructing and reusing buildings through a range of architectural references, and reinventing local and traditional building forms. Half a century later, these neighborhoods served as platforms that put forth the visions of immigrant communities, economically sustained a deteriorating industrial landscape, and became the vehicles by which immigrants claimed territoriality and belonging in Detroit.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/41/2/175?rss=1
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Februar 19, 2015, 2:16 a.m.,
Arnold, S.,
Allgemein.
Detroit’s perceived social and industrial degeneration has been matched by an unfortunate aesthetic appreciation for the image of urban ruination. Detroit, and other cities experiencing economic disinvestment, have become the inanimate models for a documentary and artistic mode of photography that fetishizes scenes of urban decline and abandonment. Such cities and urban spaces have become real-life stand-ins for the apocalyptic imagination already nurtured in broader arts and media. The fascination with the ruins of contemporary culture and the proliferation of what is sometimes referred to as "ruin porn" photography, point toward Susan Sontag’s cautious warning about the photographer’s complicity in retaining the photographed object’s state of being. Drawing on Sontag’s suspicions of photography, I offer a critique of the function and meaning of ruin photography. I draw on both Sontag’s and Roland Barthes’s cautions about the interpretive function of the photograph in terms of the act of photographing the object as well as the meaning that the photograph proposes. Using this framework, I consider the recent conceptualizations of ruin, particularly the industrial ruin, as ambivalent and multifaceted. I question whether this multidimensionality is evident in the ruin photography of Yves Marchand and Romain Meffre and others, the urban exploration photography of Detroiturbex, and the documentary film Deptropia. I suggest that the photographer’s fascination with places of ruin carries out the double act of fixing such places firmly in a particular melancholic moment and equally fixes any potential meaning potentially represented in such imagery.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/41/2/326?rss=1
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Februar 19, 2015, 2:16 a.m.,
Ammon, F. R.,
Allgemein.
Asbury Park, New Jersey, flourished as a seaside destination from the late nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century. Middle- and working-class visitors from New York to Philadelphia frequented the city’s hotels, commercial amusements, and beach. During the 1960s and 1970s, as with many cities across the country, Asbury Park experienced physical and socioeconomic decline. Over the past three decades, a range of public and private actors have made several attempts at postindustrial renaissance, including privately funded waterfront redevelopment, music tourism–based historic preservation, and renovation and gentrification led by a largely gay and lesbian population. While Asbury Park’s revitalization continues today, the varied outcomes of these disparate processes suggests the significance of multiple small-scale, locally rooted investments to the postindustrial city’s sustained growth and resilience. In complement to the substantial attention scholars have paid to the mid- to large-sized cities of industrial production, Asbury Park’s story also illustrates the significance of cities of consumption—both big and small—to the history of postindustrial revitalization.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/41/2/158?rss=1
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Februar 19, 2015, 2:16 a.m.,
Kirkpatrick, L. O.,
Allgemein.
Detroit’s long-range planning agenda—as articulated in the Detroit Future City (DFC) plan—is based on an innovative vision of a smaller, greener city. Implementing this vision rests on clearing the city’s most abandoned and deteriorated neighborhoods and transforming the area into vast green spaces. Eventually, therefore, the eighty-eight thousand people currently residing in this zone must (be) relocate(d). As services are phased out and infrastructure networks decommissioned, it is reasoned outmigration will accelerate; this strategy of "urban triage" geographically targets expenditures on the basis of viability, such that the flow of public resources to "nonviable" neighborhoods is constricted. This article explores one assumption that underlies triage-based policy and planning. Namely, it is believed that by removing infrastructures and services ("city systems") from a given area, people will leave that area, a causal proposition that can be broken into two constituent parts. First, there is nothing unproblematic about removing, no matter how incrementally, the city systems that serve as the skeletal framework of the city. City systems are politically and institutionally embedded within a complex web of intersecting structures, processes, relationships, and interests—a "stickiness" that complicates efforts to dismantle them. The second half of the proposition is that removing city systems will provide the needed incentive for people to voluntarily move out of the targeted areas. This assumption, however, may not appreciate the degree of socio-spatial persistence that can be exhibited by groups occupying abandoned spaces. Thus, even if efforts to geographically shrink city systems are successful, there is reason to believe that social remnants of community may indefinitely persist in target areas even in the face of great hardship—including the cessation of basic services. The present analysis suggests that the burden of proof falls on those predicting that the withdrawal of city systems will succeed where decades of generalized deprivation have failed.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/41/2/261?rss=1
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Februar 18, 2015, 4:50 p.m.,
Journal of Global History - Current Issue,
Allgemein.
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Februar 18, 2015, 4:50 p.m.,
Journal of Global History - Current Issue,
Allgemein.
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Februar 18, 2015, 4:50 p.m.,
Journal of Global History - Current Issue,
Allgemein.
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Februar 18, 2015, 4:50 p.m.,
Journal of Global History - Current Issue,
Allgemein.
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Februar 18, 2015, 4:50 p.m.,
Journal of Global History - Current Issue,
Allgemein.
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Februar 18, 2015, 4:50 p.m.,
Journal of Global History - Current Issue,
Allgemein.
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