Quelle: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13507486.2014.952115?ai=z4&mi=3fqos0&af=R
Quelle: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13507486.2014.949223?ai=z4&mi=3fqos0&af=R
Quelle: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0023656X.2014.961757?ai=z4&mi=3fqos0&af=R
Among the various statistical studies on migration before the Great War, Italy has received little attention, with a few notable exceptions. The standard economic approach explains emigration to any given country as driven by relative wages, relative employment rates, and the stock of previous emigrants to that country, the "network". This paper improves on earlier contributions by covering all Italian migration outflows between 1876 and 1915 to the most significant destination countries, taking all countries separately and simultaneously and adopting the most consistent and up-to-date econometric approaches. As it turns out, the standard model is only partially confirmed when accounting for heterogeneity of destinations, whereas other relevant hypotheses are not accepted.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/4/452?rss=1
Social capital—defined here as the norms and networks that create the necessary trust for people to cooperate to solve collective-action problems—also has negative effects. They are usually a consequence of "bonding" social capital, but not always, as this article shows from a new perspective. It uses community irrigation institutions, cooperatives, and the citrus industry in eastern Spain to test Robert Putman's thesis on the ability of social capital to generate virtuous equilibria. It shows that social capital itself hindered "bridging" cooperation (in some cases, centuries' old) on certain issues from becoming a generalized culture of cooperation.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/4/413?rss=1
We here present the earliest input–output table of Germany: It covers forty economic branches, five final demand categories, and five primary inputs. The symmetric table for 1936 is completely based on original statistical data and does not rely on separate supply and use tables. The core of our endeavor is based on the German industrial census of 1936. The input–output table offers a new benchmark for gross domestic product (GDP) and thus production, income, and expenditure of Germany in 1936. We found a comparably high level of GDP and a significantly higher mixed income/operating surplus, which hints at exceptionally high incomes and hidden profits of armament industry. We illustrate the use of the new input–output table for German historical national accounts and apply our findings to reassess the impact of military spending on employment and production.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/4/371?rss=1
A sample of merchant letters is used to measure the speed and reliability of information transmission at the end of the preindustrial era. Some previous informal studies suggested no improvements in information transmission in this period. The present study confirms this opinion. Considering technological capabilities, the communication between the major North and Baltic Sea region commercial centers was already relatively fast and remarkably regular in the 1750s and did not improve until the 1820s. The speed and reliability of transmission was limited on maritime postal routes, and by an inability to integrate the smaller trading centers into the national postal service network.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/4/398?rss=1
Korean families belong to clan lineages, bon-guan, that originated in the imperial Joseon period, 1392–1897. We can rank bon-guan by their average Joseon status, measured by the recorded number of civil service exam passers. In the disruptions of the Japanese occupation and the Korean War it is believed many families switched their bon-guan to more distinguished ones. Nevertheless from 1960 onward, when bon-guan became fixed again, there is a correlation between the average prestige of bon-guans by region in Korea and average educational attainment. This paper uses that correlation, and its decline over time, to measure the implied rate of social mobility in modern Korea. Implied intergenerational educational mobility is very low, much lower than conventionally measured social mobility rates.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/4/433?rss=1
Quelle: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14781700.2014.964646?ai=15d&mi=3fqos0&af=R
Quelle: http://www.perspectivia.net/content/publikationen/discussions/9-2014
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