The Polish Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1788-1792: A Political History, by Richard Butterwick
‚Fullye Bente to Fighte Oute the Matter‘: Reconsidering Cornwall’s Role in the Western Rebellion of 1549
This article brings new evidence to bear on the Western Rebellion—the popular insurrection which convulsed Devon, Cornwall and areas of West Somerset during the summer of 1549 and which is today more commonly known as the ‘Prayer Book Rebellion’. The article argues that, while the rising is one of the most famous mass protests to have occurred during the Tudor period and has been very widely written about and discussed, the standard narrative of events—which was first laid down by Frances Rose-Troup a century ago—is in need of fundamental revision, particularly in so far as it pertains to Cornwall. More specifically, it argues that the orthodox view which holds that the insurrection began in Cornwall on 6 June, that the Cornish rebel forces quickly suppressed all resistance in their own county, and that they then marched into Devon just a few days later, is almost certainly wrong. Instead, it is suggested here that rebellion did not break out in Cornwall until some time subsequent to 26 June; that at least one loyalist garrison in the county remained stubbornly defiant thereafter; and that the Cornish rebel host did not advance across the Tamar until early to mid-July—a full month later than the standard interpretation suggests. The article concludes by casting fresh light on the government’s defeat of the insurrectionists in August, and by considering some of the wider implications of the revised chronology of events which has been put forward here.
Quelle: http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/129/538/549?rss=1
Street-fighting Men: Political Violence in Inter-war France
This article examines violence between political groups in inter-war France. Previous studies have dismissed violent confrontation during this time as ‘simulated’ and unworthy of serious attention in comparison with political violence in other European countries. This article contends that existing scholarship has underestimated the place of violence in Third Republican political culture. The French culture of violence is reconstructed through a close examination of the narratives that political groups constructed around incidents of street violence. An analysis of these narratives reveals the unspoken rules and assumptions that informed understandings, discussions and representations of one’s own aggressive behaviour and the behaviour of one’s opponents. It will be demonstrated that left- and right-wing activists shared common understandings about their conduct during violence and the circumstances in which force could be deployed legitimately. These understandings were rooted in contemporary notions of manliness. This culture of violence was not free from contradiction and it could be used to restrain as well as enable the perpetration of physical violence. The article assesses the acceptability of violence in French inter-war politics and its place within the broader context of European political violence.
Quelle: http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/129/538/606?rss=1
The Making of the Chartists: Popular Politics and Working-class Autobiography in Early Victorian Britain.
Chartism has generated one of the liveliest historiographies of the twentieth century, with the development of new linguistic and cultural approaches in the 1980s proving to be a particularly innovative line of enquiry. Yet the shift towards language and meaning has not been without a price. In particular, the tendency to frame Chartism as an intellectual force has led scholars to overlook the fact that Chartism was also a social movement, constituted, quite literally, of millions of working men and women, who had traditionally been excluded from the political sphere.
This article uses working-class autobiography to restore a social-history dimension to our understanding of Chartism. It asks how a body of men with no experience of bourgeois forms of civic engagement orchestrated such a large-scale and sophisticated political campaign. How had a working-class ‘public’, with the capacity for effective political action, been created? And how, if at all, was the emergence of the world’s first workers’ movement related to the broader socio-economic context—in particular, to the processes of industrialisation and urbanisation with all the social flux they entailed?
Quelle: http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/129/538/578?rss=1