Juni 3, 2014, 8:55 p.m.,
Kargon, J.,
Allgemein.
The embrace of modern architecture by American institutions was historically coincident with many communities’ migration from city centers to suburban environments. This geographic shift, accelerating after World War II, reflected changes in widely held attitudes toward landscape as well as toward architecture. Jewish American groups were especially active in this transition. A useful case study is a design for Baltimore’s Chizuk Amuno congregation, which in 1954 began planning a suburban campus with New York architect Daniel Schwartzman. Among the congregation’s initial requests was a proposal for a "Hebrew Culture Garden," inspired by Cleveland’s ensemble of public ethnic-cultural gardens dating to the 1920s. Chizuk Amuno’s garden project was never realized, but its design and development throughout the planning process illustrate changing sensibilities about public space, cultural consumption, and the balance between religious and secular identities.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/4/762?rss=1
Kommentare geschlossen
Juni 3, 2014, 8:55 p.m.,
Szylvian, K. M.,
Allgemein.
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Juni 3, 2014, 8:55 p.m.,
Perry, N., Reybold, L. E., Waters, N.,
Allgemein.
During the period from childhood through young adulthood individuals select the occupation that best satisfies their needs based on their values, interests, education, and environment. Arlington County, Virginia, provides an opportunity to study the impact that geography played on occupational choice for one black community during segregation. Using qualitative methods, this article explores the occupational choices of Arlington’s African Americans as Arlington grew from a scattering of farm settlements to a prosperous white suburb of Washington, D.C. Washington’s black high schools offered excellent career training and the government offered Civil Service employment. The arrival in Arlington of the Pentagon building and large numbers of white federal workers provided new sources of employment but obliterated existing farm and factory work. The article concludes that Arlington’s geography, that is, its proximity to the federal government in Washington, had both a positive and a negative influence on Arlington’s African Americans when choosing their occupations.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/4/719?rss=1
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Juni 3, 2014, 8:55 p.m.,
Radford, G.,
Allgemein.
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Juni 3, 2014, 8:55 p.m.,
Miggins, E. M.,
Allgemein.
This article uses Cleveland, Ohio, to examine educational reform by focusing on place, institutional change, motives, and results between 1900 and 1930. The study as well as the practice of public education in urban America has been a battleground for "the great school wars." Despite the endless conflicts and debate, public education remains a popular panacea for the ills of urban America. Public schools expanded their programs to meet the needs of urban students, particularly immigrants from southern, eastern, and central Europe and black migrants from the American South during the era of this study. Progressive reformers also campaigned for reforms that would adapt the public schools to an environment that was changing from a commercial to an industrial city. Above all, they championed the next, all-powerful superintendent, enlightened by the "cult of efficiency," to achieve progress and stability in the school system. Urban historians can analyze educational change and the validity of conflicting interpretations by studying local schools within their historical context. The results of progressive school reforms did not often match their promises, but failure and disappointment did not lead to introspection and analysis of their remedies. The majority of students still failed to graduate in the 1920s. Centralized management, social efficiency, vocational and technical education, recreation, Americanization, specialization, intelligence testing, tracking, and quantification became the popular national model for public education between 1900 and 1930. They still constitute the paradigm for public schooling in America.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/4/671?rss=1
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Juni 3, 2014, 8:55 p.m.,
Osman, S.,
Allgemein.
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Juni 3, 2014, 8:55 p.m.,
Zonderman, D. A.,
Allgemein.
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Juni 3, 2014, 8:55 p.m.,
Teaford, J.,
Allgemein.
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Juni 3, 2014, 8:55 p.m.,
Hell, M.,
Allgemein.
Amsterdam inns were indispensable hubs in the organization of early modern urban trade. Their economic functions were numerous: innkeepers offered credit and transport services, acted as sureties and accepted bills of exchange on behalf of their alien guests. In the sixteenth century, a group of predominantly German innkeepers participated in the international trade, but in the following centuries the combination innkeeper-agent became rare. Publicans continued to assist mercantile clients though. Besides offering storage and transport services, meeting space, and credit, certain publicans also mediated between foreign and indigenous traders. A select group of inns also hosted auction-marts, which attracted brokers, merchants, and general public. In the nineteenth century, the inns lost their appeal and specialized institutions like hotels, restaurants, trade halls, auction-houses, and transport companies took over the economic functions.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/4/742?rss=1
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Juni 3, 2014, 8:55 p.m.,
Light, J. S.,
Allgemein.
Kommentare geschlossen