März 30, 2014, 8:38 p.m.,
Róbert Péter,
Allgemein.
Drawing on several so-far neglected documents available in the Burney Collection of the British Library as well as in the Library and Museum of Freemasons' Hall in London, this paper investigates the gender structures and roles represented in English masonic constitutions, pamphlets, letters, rituals as well as newspapers of the long eighteenth century. First, it examines the origin and the public perception of the exclusion of women from the fraternity in England and discuses how freemasons defended this 'landmark.' Secondly, it analyses how and why English freemasons invited ladies to participate in various masonic activities including balls, feasts and public masonic ceremonies. Thirdly, it highlights how some English women, following the advice of some liberal-minded 'brethren', managed to subvert this gender-exclusive principle by establishing all-female and / or adoption lodges in the second half of the century. So far scholarship has dated the emergence of such lodges to the twentieth century in England. Finally, the paper will compare the gender constructions of traditional male masonic rituals with the first English ceremonies of adoption lodges admitting both sexes.
Quelle: https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/JRFF/article/view/19558
Kommentare geschlossen
März 30, 2014, 8:38 p.m.,
Róbert Péter,
Allgemein.
Drawing on several so-far neglected documents available in the Burney Collection of the British Library as well as in the Library and Museum of Freemasons' Hall in London, this paper investigates the gender structures and roles represented in English masonic constitutions, pamphlets, letters, rituals as well as newspapers of the long eighteenth century. First, it examines the origin and the public perception of the exclusion of women from the fraternity in England and discuses how freemasons defended this 'landmark.' Secondly, it analyses how and why English freemasons invited ladies to participate in various masonic activities including balls, feasts and public masonic ceremonies. Thirdly, it highlights how some English women, following the advice of some liberal-minded 'brethren', managed to subvert this gender-exclusive principle by establishing all-female and / or adoption lodges in the second half of the century. So far scholarship has dated the emergence of such lodges to the twentieth century in England. Finally, the paper will compare the gender constructions of traditional male masonic rituals with the first English ceremonies of adoption lodges admitting both sexes.
Quelle: http://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/JRFF/article/view/19558
Kommentare geschlossen
März 30, 2014, 8:38 p.m.,
Róbert Péter,
Allgemein.
Drawing on several so-far neglected documents available in the Burney Collection of the British Library as well as in the Library and Museum of Freemasons' Hall in London, this paper investigates the gender structures and roles represented in English masonic constitutions, pamphlets, letters, rituals as well as newspapers of the long eighteenth century. First, it examines the origin and the public perception of the exclusion of women from the fraternity in England and discuses how freemasons defended this 'landmark.' Secondly, it analyses how and why English freemasons invited ladies to participate in various masonic activities including balls, feasts and public masonic ceremonies. Thirdly, it highlights how some English women, following the advice of some liberal-minded 'brethren', managed to subvert this gender-exclusive principle by establishing all-female and / or adoption lodges in the second half of the century. So far scholarship has dated the emergence of such lodges to the twentieth century in England. Finally, the paper will compare the gender constructions of traditional male masonic rituals with the first English ceremonies of adoption lodges admitting both sexes.
Quelle: http://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/JRFF/article/view/19558
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März 30, 2014, 8:36 p.m.,
John Slifko,
Allgemein.
This paper engages the historical geography of the origins of L’Ordre Maçonnique Mixte et International ‘LE DROIT HUMAIN’ Fédération américaine (the American Federation of Human Rights hereinafter AFHR) in the United States in the early twentieth century, the first major institution of freemasonry to accept full equality of men and women, with its origins in France. There is, in addition, biographical material on three seminal figures in the origin of LE DROIT HUMAIN, Antoine Muzzarelli, Louis Goaziou, and Dr. Alida de Leeuw. The research examines Louis Goaziou, a major architect in the formation of the AFHR and a small sampling of important co-workers. Antoine Muzzarelli was the real founder of AFHR. He was an editor in France and teacher of French in America. The first nine lodges at their origins involved different immigrant ethnic groups from across East, Central, and Southern Europe.
Quelle: https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/JRFF/article/view/19353
Kommentare geschlossen
März 30, 2014, 8:36 p.m.,
John Slifko,
Allgemein.
This paper engages the historical geography of the origins of L’Ordre Maçonnique Mixte et International ‘LE DROIT HUMAIN’ Fédération américaine (the American Federation of Human Rights hereinafter AFHR) in the United States in the early twentieth century, the first major institution of freemasonry to accept full equality of men and women, with its origins in France. There is, in addition, biographical material on three seminal figures in the origin of LE DROIT HUMAIN, Antoine Muzzarelli, Louis Goaziou, and Dr. Alida de Leeuw. The research examines Louis Goaziou, a major architect in the formation of the AFHR and a small sampling of important co-workers. Antoine Muzzarelli was the real founder of AFHR. He was an editor in France and teacher of French in America. The first nine lodges at their origins involved different immigrant ethnic groups from across East, Central, and Southern Europe.
Quelle: http://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/JRFF/article/view/19353
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März 28, 2014, 11:09 p.m.,
Stur, H. M.,
Allgemein.
Kommentare geschlossen
März 28, 2014, 11:09 p.m.,
Carroll, F.,
Allgemein.
White civic leaders worked with the Federal Housing Administration and Resettlement Administration on the Virginia Peninsula in the mid-1930s to build two suburban subdivisions for poor and working-class African Americans. In an era of "managed" race relations, the developments reinforced paternalistic white rule by extending urban practices of segregation into racially undefined suburban areas. The homes provided opportunity, not equality. However, the houses also challenged spatial boundaries concerning race and class and fractured public conceptions of monolithic racial unity along class lines. The developments were among the first in the nation to use federal tax dollars to support black families’ aspirations for homeownership and middle-class living standards. Their occupancy, expense, and location angered working-class whites who lived nearby. The ensuing conflicts revealed the near impossibility of reconciling cautious federal experiments in racial betterment with expanding black demands for empowerment and white concerns that black gains occurred at their personal expense.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/3/514?rss=1
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März 28, 2014, 11:09 p.m.,
Britton, J. A.,
Allgemein.
Kommentare geschlossen
März 28, 2014, 11:09 p.m.,
Francesco, M. G.,
Allgemein.
Paterson, New Jersey, America’s first planned industrial city, has long been an economic haven for many immigrant ethnic groups. Today, the city provides a unique environment to study a high concentration of Peruvian immigrants in a relatively small city. Analysis of the growth of Peruvian religious, cultural, and political organizations within the city shows that they have created an effective support structure for themselves in Paterson along the same lines as past immigrant groups. A combined analysis of data from recent sources provide a reasonable estimate of the current size of the Peruvian population in the United States that is much larger than the official U.S. census count. In this study, the Peruvian experience in Paterson is analyzed within the overall immigrant history of the city, and the nature of the economic, political, and social activity of Peruvians in the city is explored.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/3/497?rss=1
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März 28, 2014, 11:09 p.m.,
Staub, A.,
Allgemein.
In the years after World War II, West Germany (after 1949 the Federal Republic of Germany, or FRG) experienced a severe housing shortage coupled with a demand—unambiguously conveyed by the occupying powers—to "modernize" and socially restructure. With war-torn cities needing extensive repair, politicians and planners made choices that affected not only the physical but also the social landscape, with the federal government ultimately using urban policy in an attempt to redefine identity and help shape a new middle class. This article traces this process by examining three postwar policy directions—suburbanization, urban high-rise housing, and automobile ownership—both as an economic driver and as a first toehold on the ladder to upward mobility. I argue that not only did these policy foci fundamentally change the FRG’s urban landscape, their physical manifestations became central to the nation’s often-acrimonious debate over societal modernization.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/3/563?rss=1
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