<span class="paragraphSection"><span style="font-style:italic;">The History of the Danes: Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum</span>, ed. JensenKarsten Friis, tr. Peter Fisher (Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2015; 2 vols., pp. 1,751. £150).</span>
Pisan Perspectives: The Carmen in victoriam and Holy War, c.1000–1150 *
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>The <span style="font-style:italic;">Carmen in victoriam Pisanorum</span>, a verse account of a successful Pisan and Genoese attack of 1087 on the Zīrid King Tamīm ibn al-Muʿizz ibn Bādīs of al-Mahdiyya and Zawīla, should be dated to 1087–95, making it a source of huge importance both for the maritime cities’ wars against the ‘Saracens’, and for the pre-First Crusade development of ideas of holy war. This study argues that the expedition was to a large degree motivated by local, economically charged adventurism in Pisa, but that it found itself under the leadership and intellectual domination of a close-knit, pro-Gregorian party. This party, based around Matilda of Canossa, Pope Victor III, Bishop Benedict of Modena and, most probably, the Pisan author of the <span style="font-style:italic;">Carmen</span> himself, ensured that the attack was publicised as a great success for the Gregorian papacy, at this time in competition with Antipope Clement III. The attack also set a seal upon Pisa’s return from a pro-imperial to a pro-papal position. In publicising the victory, the poet expounded a highly developed discourse of holy war that, while representing his own party’s particular interests, is indicative of wider trends in the Mediterranean that developed over the course of the second half of the eleventh century, rather than appearing suddenly after 1095.</span>
The Information Research Department, Unattributable Propaganda, and Northern Ireland, 1971–1973: Promising Salvation but Ending in Failure? *
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>This article examines the role of the Information Research Department (IRD) in Northern Ireland during the first half of the 1970s. After discussing British conceptualisations of propaganda, it offers a detailed account of IRD activity, including how a Foreign Office department came to be involved in operations on British soil; how IRD propaganda fitted into the broader British state apparatus in Northern Ireland; the activity in which the IRD was engaged—both in Northern Ireland and beyond; and some of the challenges it faced, which ultimately limited the campaign’s effectiveness. It argues that the IRD’s role was driven by decisions taken at the very top of government and took shape against a context of financial cuts, a deteriorating security situation in Northern Ireland, and a tradition of domestic propaganda in the UK. The IRD sought to advance four key themes: exploiting divisions within the IRA; undermining the IRA’s credibility amongst the population; linking the IRA to international terrorism; and portraying the IRA as communist.</span>
Notices of Periodicals and Occasional Publications mainly from 2015
<span class="paragraphSection">T<span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps;">he</span> following list is based on actual inspection of the periodicals concerned, which in many cases are sent to the <span style="font-style:italic;">EHR</span> by the courtesy of their editors and publishers, and which are read and summarised by contributors. It should be noted that contributors are not asked to include all articles, but only those to which in their judgement attention should be drawn; and that articles of a purely bibliographical or archaeological character are not normally included. Most of the items listed appeared in 2015. The principal periodicals and occasional publications summarised below are as follows: <span style="font-style:italic;">20th Century British History; Anglo-Saxon England; Annales de Bretagne; Annales de Normandie; Anuarul Institutului de istorie ‘A.D. Xenopol’; Archivio storico italiano; Austrian History Yearbook; Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes; Bohemia; Bollettino storico-bibliografico subalpino; Cahiers de civilisation médiévale; Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies; Catholic Historical Review; Český časopis historický; Contemporary European History; Deutsches Archiv; Economic History Review; En la España medieval; European History Quarterly; French History; German History; Haskins Society Journal; Historical Journal; Historical Research; Historische Zeitschrift; Historisk Tidskrift (Sweden); Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark); History; History and Theory; History Workshop Journal; Intellectual History Review; International History Review; Irish Historical Studies; Journal of Belgian History; Journal of British Studies; Journal of Contemporary History; Journal of Ecclesiastical History; Journal of Medieval History; Journal of Medieval Military History; Journal of Modern History; Journal of the History of Collections; Journal of Victorian Culture; Medieval Clothing and Textiles; Mediterranea: ricerche storiche; Midland History; Northern History; Nuova rivista storica; Past and Present; Rethinking History; Revista istorică; Revue d’histoire ecclésiastique; Rivista storica italiana; Slavonic and East European Review; Southern History; Speculum; Studii şi materiale de istorie contemporană; Studii şi materiale de istorie medie; Századok; Thirteenth-Century England; Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis; Transactions of the Royal Historical Society; Welsh History Review; William and Mary Quarterly; Women’s History Review</span></span>
Policing Youth: Britain 1945–70, by Louise A. Jackson and Angela Bartie
<span class="paragraphSection"><span style="font-style:italic;">Policing Youth: Britain 1945–70</span>, by JacksonLouise A. and BartieAngela (Manchester: Manchester U.P., 2014; pp. 237. £65).</span>
Father Confessors and Clerical Intervention in Witch-Trials in Seventeenth-Century Lutheran Germany: The Case of Rothenburg, 1692 *
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>In 1692 a woman named Barbara Ehness was awaiting execution for attempted murder by poison in the Lutheran imperial city of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. She requested spiritual solace, and three Lutheran clerics duly visited her in gaol. As a result of their intervention, Barbara was, at first, persuaded to admit she was a witch, and that she had attended witches’ gatherings where she had seen several other (named) Rothenburg inhabitants. However, Barbara soon retracted these denunciations, telling the city councillors that she had been forced into making them by one of the three clerics who had visited her in gaol, the territory’s chief ecclesiastical official, Church Superintendent Sebastian Kirchmeier. This article offers a close analysis and contextualisation of this richly detailed trial (which included a lengthy defence of his actions by Kirchmeier), exploring Kirchmeier’s motivations, why the councillors refused to follow his witch-hunting lead, and how the case fitted into the wider context of urban politics. The potentially abusive role of father confessors had already been identified by some seventeenth-century critics of witch-hunts (beginning with Friedrich Spee in 1631), but the confidentiality of the confessor–sinner relationship has usually meant that no record of it is left to us in specific cases. The exposure of Kirchmeier’s intervention in the Ehness trial thus gives us a unique insight into how one father confessor tried (and failed) to use his relationship with a prisoner to influence a trial outcome, and to start a witch-hunt, based on the denunciations of alleged sabbath-attenders whom he suggested to her.</span>
The Liberal Party and the Economy, 1929–1964, by Peter Sloman
<span class="paragraphSection"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Liberal Party and the Economy, 1929–1964</span>, by SlomanPeter (Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2015; pp. 281. £65).</span>
Religion and Politics in the Risorgimento: Britain and the New Italy, 1861–1875, by Danilo Raponi
<span class="paragraphSection"><span style="font-style:italic;">Religion and Politics in the Risorgimento: Britain and the New Italy, 1861–1875</span>, by RaponiDanilo (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014; pp. 302. £60).</span>
The Invention of Improvement: Information and Material Progress in Seventeenth-Century England, by Paul Slack
<span class="paragraphSection"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Invention of Improvement: Information and Material Progress in Seventeenth-Century England</span>, by SlackPaul (Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2014; pp. 321. £35).</span>
Forging Capitalism: Rogues, Swindlers, Frauds, and the Rise of Modern Finance, by Ian Klaus
<span class="paragraphSection"><span style="font-style:italic;">Forging Capitalism: Rogues, Swindlers, Frauds, and the Rise of Modern Finance</span>, by KlausIan (New Haven, CT: Yale U.P., 2014; pp. 287. $30).</span>