Dezember 10, 2015, 7:08 a.m.,
Selim, G.,
Allgemein.
Egypt’s Revolution of 1952 presented a major historical change to its political and economic structure, its society, and its institutions. This paper examines how Nasser’s regime operated through the state apparatus to exhibit features of modernity. Under the pretext of modernization, renovating Cairo’s authentic urban fabric was one of the channels that displayed the new ambitions to unveil a centralized system of governance and ideologies of socialism. The paper particularly looks at the city’s resurgence attempts, promoted by upgrading practices that displayed Western ideals of planning. Eventually, the contradictory planning legislative system introduced by the government raised early alarms at the problems encountered in the planning institution that was not only unable to liberate Cairo’s urban districts from its long-rooted decay, but also struggled to implement the regime’s flagship policy of social justice in a context wherein it was much needed.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/180?rss=1
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Dezember 10, 2015, 7:08 a.m.,
Matthys, C.,
Allgemein.
This article combines qualitative and quantitative analysis to study the effect of rural–urban migration on the sexual behavior of servants in nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Flanders. In the qualitative part, I compare various discourses on servants’ extramarital behavior to sketch the ideological context which affected women’s agency. Contemporaries were commonly convinced that urban servants more often became pregnant out-of-wedlock than other women, but disagreed on the causes for this: vulnerability or immorality. In the quantitative part, I use life course analysis to determine differences in the behavioral patterns of servants and women who were never servants. Looking both at extramarital fertility and at marriage behavior, I argue that servants were slightly more risk-taking when entering into extramarital relationships. With this mixed-methods approach, this article avoids one-dimensional readings of the sources, and I challenge the dichotomous use of concepts that are too basic to comprehend the complexity of extramarital sexual behavior.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/81?rss=1
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Dezember 10, 2015, 7:08 a.m.,
Rose, S. E.,
Allgemein.
This article investigates the reconstruction of the Frankfurt Paulskirche as a symbol of German democratic identity after World War II. The place memory of the Paulskirche is deeply rooted in the 1848 Parliament which anticipated the formation of a German democratic state. The church provided postwar Germans with a physical anchor for their sense of history and feelings of Heimat. This place identity pervades post-1945 debates about the reconstruction of the church and the appropriate uses of that space in the context of Frankfurt’s devastated urban and political landscape. Despite this, the place identity of the Paulskirche remains understudied in the historiography. Rental agreements and correspondence reveal dynamic exchanges between city leaders, mainly members of the Social Democratic Party, and their constituents. Politicians, feminists, and peace activists all attempted to control the place identity of the Paulskirche after reconstruction, ultimately transcribing the space with additional political meaning.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/145?rss=1
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Dezember 10, 2015, 7:08 a.m.,
Greefs, H., Winter, A.,
Allgemein.
On the basis of nominal data from local foreigners’ files, this article examines gender differences in the trajectories of more than 3,000 single foreign newcomers to Antwerp between 1850 and 1880. The data demonstrate an overall expansion, ruralization, and feminization of the migration field over time, attuned to the evolution of the port town’s dual labor market. Foreign single women were less specialized than their skilled male counterparts and immigrated in large numbers only toward the end of the period under study, supported by the facilitation of travel via rail. Engaged in a catch-up process as well as in the founding of new patterns of migration, single female migrants emerge from this study as both followers and pioneers. By highlighting the latter’s dual role, the results shed new light on gender stereotypes in migration research and on the oft-assumed connection between migration distance and occupational specialization.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/61?rss=1
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Dezember 10, 2015, 7:08 a.m.,
Moga, S. T.,
Allgemein.
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Dezember 10, 2015, 7:08 a.m.,
De Langhe, S.,
Allgemein.
At the start of the nineteenth century, very few young single females migrated to the city of Bruges, and women from the surrounding countryside were particularly underrepresented among the migrant population. This is contrary to the situation in most other areas at that time, making Bruges unusual. This contribution seeks to explain why this was the case by focusing on the specific locales involved. It highlights the effects of socioeconomic differences between rural environments, which led to variations in the migration behavior of single women. In addition to that, recent research emphasizes the importance of events in the life course of an individual, rather than simple economics in explaining the decision to move. The results of this study indicate that occurrences such as the death of the father or the birth order within the family were indeed important triggers, but that they must be contextualized within the rural environment from which the women originated.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/39?rss=1
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Dezember 10, 2015, 7:08 a.m.,
Rosenthal, A.,
Allgemein.
The electric streetcar was a significant marker of modernity in Latin America, but its symbolic power rested as much in its ability to establish a presence in urban popular culture as it did in its contribution to technological change. By using the concept of the "urban imaginary" we can reveal the multifaceted and shifting role of the streetcar as a symbol of progress and a site of danger, destruction, and death in the public mind. In newspapers, comics, songs, poems, stories, and movies, the masses imagined the streetcar as central to the daily life of the city and used it to make meaning out of the chaos of the rapidly evolving modern city. Themes explored include the ordering of bodies, labor conflict, violence, the spectacle city, and the afterlife of the streetcar.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/162?rss=1
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Dezember 10, 2015, 7:08 a.m.,
Schmidt, A., van der Heijden, M.,
Allgemein.
The depiction of the situation of single women in early modern urban society is rather pessimistic. Women without men were portrayed as pitiful, with migrant never-married women as the most vulnerable of all. They were said to have lacked the support of parents and of charitable institutions, and to be legally subordinated, and their opportunities on the labor market were extremely restricted. A considerable and probably growing part of the female population in early modern towns lived alone. These were women who had not yet married or never married and widows, as well as married women living without a husband and divorced women. How, then, did these women without men survive these difficult circumstances? This article readdresses the gloomy depiction of women alone in Dutch towns and examines women’s legal options, their position in court, their work opportunities, and criminal strategies. We argue that in the Dutch Republic, women had more opportunities to exercise independence than is often assumed. The evidence is based on various examinations of women’s legal options, their uses of civil courts, Protestant consistories, work options, and criminal activities in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/21?rss=1
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Dezember 10, 2015, 7:08 a.m.,
Lamberson, C.,
Allgemein.
The Zebra Murders were a series of racially charged homicides in San Francisco during the mid-1970s. The crimes, which appeared to be random, built on existing anxiety about violent crime to create an atmosphere of fear in the city. Rumors that the crimes were racially motivated suggested a link to radical politics, only increasing public alarm. This article argues that these combined fears pushed the city to adopt a controversial, unconstitutional procedure to try and end the murders. The responses to the operation reveal that this criminal violence was exacerbating deep cleavages within the San Francisco populace, cleavages that mirrored larger national divisions. Ultimately, a debate developed over how to balance individual civil liberties and public security. The fears surrounding the Zebra murders and other events like them contributed to a growing victims’ rights movement that argued the balance should lean more firmly toward public safety.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/201?rss=1
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Dezember 10, 2015, 7:08 a.m.,
Devos, I., Schmidt, A., De Groot, J.,
Allgemein.
This essay introduces a special issue on The Lure of the City that examines the attraction of towns to unmarried men and women in the Low Countries during the early modern period and the nineteenth century. The issue has the relation between singles and cities as its main focus. Singles were present in disproportionately large numbers in urban areas, but the question is why? This essay sets out the historiographical framework for the contributions in the issue, discusses the sources and methodologies used, and provides a brief overview of the evolution of singleness in the Low Countries. The contributions all demonstrate the relevance of a comparative approach. It is revealed that towns and cities not only attracted but also created singles, that they offered different opportunities for different groups of unmarried people and that they affected men and women differently. Finally, it appears that not every town and city was attractive to men and women without a spouse.
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/3?rss=1
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