A2 | 21 (2015)
Porno a umení [Porn and art]
Quelle: http://www.eurozine.com/journals/a2/issue/2015-10-22.html
The Swedish lighthouse system 1650-1890: private versus public provision of public goods
This paper uses the history of lighthouses in Sweden to discuss the relative roles of public and private productions of public goods in a developing economy. In Sweden, like in England, there were private lighthouses financed by light dues levied on ships calling at particular harbors. However, private provision generally played a marginal role in the expansion of sea safety arrangements. The provision of large-scale public goods in a developing economy such as Sweden relied on public, not private, provision. Merchants were willing to pay taxes in order to contribute to public sector investments in public goods.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/19/4/454?rss=1
The emergence of a European region: business cycles in South-East Europe from political independence to World War II
Relying on dynamic factor business cycle indices for five South-East European countries (Austria(-Hungary), Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and Serbia/Yugoslavia), we document steadily increasing synchronization as part of a pan-European business cycle before 1913 and the emergence of a regional business cycle (including and radiating from Germany) in the interwar period. These dynamics were largely driven by trade, involving initially England, France, and Germany but increasingly centered on Germany. Our results also show that the Balkan countries traveled a long way from an economic backwater of Europe in the 1870s to a much more integrated part of the European economy six decades later.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/19/4/382?rss=1
Contracts and cooperation: the relative failure of the Irish dairy industry in the late nineteenth century reconsidered
Why did the establishment of cooperative creameries in late nineteenth-century Ireland fail to halt the relative decline of her dairy industry compared with other emerging producers? This paper compares the Irish experience with that of the market leader, Denmark, and shows how each adopted the cooperative organizational form, and highlights that an important difference was institutional: specifically, regarding the enforcement of vertically binding contracts. We argue that this failure, combined with a strong proprietary sector which was opposed to cooperation, reinforced the already difficult conditions for dairying in Ireland due to poor social capital.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/19/4/412?rss=1
Wage restraint in Scandinavia: during the postwar period or the neoliberal age?
An influential interpretation of the strong growth performance in Western Europe in the 1950s and 1960s stresses the importance of wage restraint, trade unions holding back wages to increase investments. This article questions that interpretation, using a wage regression approach with eighty-five to ninety-six years of data on wages, inflation, unemployment, productivity, and other variables in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, focusing on the post-1950 period. It is shown that wages in fact increased faster than productivity in Sweden in the 1950s and 1960s and in Denmark and Norway in the 1960s. On the other hand, especially Denmark and Sweden saw wage restraint in the 1980s and 1990s. Overall the results of the article support a power-oriented interpretation of wage bargaining rather than the conventional postwar wage restraint story. In explaining the differences between the countries, the article discusses economic structure, post–World War II situation, and trade union ideology.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/19/4/359?rss=1
How the Danes discovered Britain: the international integration of the Danish dairy industry before 1880
The success of Danish agricultural exports at the end of the nineteenth century is often attributed to the establishment of a direct trade with Britain after the loss of Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia in 1864, and with it the connection to the port of Hamburg. We show that Danish–English butter markets were actually integrated already in the eighteenth century, but through the Hamburg hub, which provided advantages such as density of information, trade connections, and credit availability. These eroded gradually, and movements to establish a direct trade were underway from the 1850s. Defeat in war only speeded up the process.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/19/4/432?rss=1
Market potential and regional economic growth in Spain (1860-1930)
In this study, parametric and nonparametric techniques are employed to analyze the effect of changes in regional market potential on the growth of Spanish regions during the period 1860–1930. The study of Spain sheds light on whether the construction of new transport infrastructures coupled with changes in trade policy ultimately shaped regional growth trajectories. The study draws upon new evidence of per capita gross domestic product for Spanish provinces and combines this evidence with Harris' market-potential function to measure regional market potential. Results show that market potential had a positive influence on regional economic growth, particularly between 1900 and 1930.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/19/4/335?rss=1
Democracy, extension of suffrage, and redistribution in nineteenth-century Europe
The recent literature on democratization has traced this process back to the extension of suffrage. However, democratization concerns different aspects, not only the extension of suffrage, but also the extent of the powers of parliament. These two different dimensions of democracy are interdependent and can even be opposed. We show that the political elite may grant universal suffrage to counter pressure exerted by the bourgeoisie in favor of a widening of the powers of the parliament. By extending suffrage to the masses, the political elite makes it less advantageous for the bourgeoisie to seek a more powerful parliament. However, the entry, even in a parliament without powers, of representatives of the working class leads the political elite to ensure some form of redistribution. The historical experiences of some Western European countries during the nineteenth century and in the early twentieth century confirm this thesis.
Quelle: http://ereh.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/19/4/317?rss=1
Charles M. Stang: Apophasis and Pseudonymity in Dionysius the Areopagite. “No Longer I”
Journal Name: Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Pages: 400-405
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Pages: 400-405
Quelle: http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/zach.2015.19.issue-2/zac-2015-0033/zac-2015-0033.xml