August 9, 2014, 3:58 a.m.,
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Medieval History,
Allgemein.
Publication date:
December 2010 Source:Journal of Medieval History, Volume 36, Issue 4
Author(s): Melanie Brunner
In the early fourteenth century, the order of Grandmont was crippled by internal conflict, violence and debts, causing Pope John XXII to intervene in 1317. This article examines the two stages of his reform project: a programme of constitutional reorganisation, aiming to make the order conform to standard monastic practices, and the longer process of financial reorganisation during which the pope attempted to clear the order’s debts by negotiating loans and using excommunication as a sanction for non-payment. John’s dealings with the order are characterised by a mixture of decisive constitutional change and painstaking financial consolidation, and an examination of the pope’s actions provides insights both into his pontificate and into a neglected phase in the history of the order of Grandmont.
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August 9, 2014, 3:58 a.m.,
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Medieval History,
Allgemein.
Publication date:
September 2011 Source:Journal of Medieval History, Volume 37, Issue 3
Author(s): Craig L. Lambert
In September 1346, Edward III brought his victorious army to the gates of Calais to begin a siege that over 12 months developed into the largest military operation conducted by the English on French soil during the fourteenth century. It is also perhaps the least understood campaign of Edward III’s reign, because of the loss of the army pay records. We know from chronicles that the men of Calais conducted a heroic defence of their town, and we know too that the English created and maintained an enormous logistical operation first to besiege and then to capture the port. What is little understood, however, is the scale, scope and chronology of the siege. The role played by English naval forces has received little attention, yet there is a series of pay records relating to their service which can compensate for the loss of the vadia guerre accounts and which can enrich understanding of the campaign. Using this evidence, this article reappraises the whole expedition, highlights the numbers of ships and mariners involved in the siege, and draws attention to periods of intensive military activity. Edward III’s ultimate objective was to capture, hold and use the town as a safe port of disembarkation for future invasions. Highlights
► Maritime sources allow a new reconstruction of the siege of Calais. ► The ultimate objective was to capture Calais, not to force Philip VI into battle. ► Close to 130 ships operated during the siege operations. ► Demonstrates the naval organisation of the siege by the English royal wardrobe. ► The English army was reduced in size over the winter to make resupply easier.
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August 9, 2014, 3:58 a.m.,
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Medieval History,
Allgemein.
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August 9, 2014, 3:58 a.m.,
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Medieval History,
Allgemein.
Publication date:
September 2011 Source:Journal of Medieval History, Volume 37, Issue 3
Author(s): Michael Prestwich
This article reassesses some of the evidence for Edward I’s armies, and suggests that the extent to which these armies anticipated the organisation and tactics used in the Hundred Years War should not be exaggerated. Cavalry numbers are hard to calculate, but historians may have underestimated the quantity of support staff. While horses were imported at the time of the Welsh wars, there is little evidence for this in Edward’s later years. Infantry forces were large and well organised in theory, but desertion was a major problem. Commanders, especially castle constables, had considerable experience. For some, pay and rewards were inadequate. Engineers were highly skilled, with notable achievements in castle warfare and bridge building. The crown’s chief concern in providing supplies was to ensure that there was sufficient for the royal household and for castle garrisons. Battles were few, and evidence for innovative tactics is thin. Bannockburn provided a test for the type of army developed under Edward I, a test which was failed. After 1314 new solutions were needed. Highlights
► Reassesses evidence for Edward I’s armies. ► Historians may have underestimated quantities of staff supporting cavalry. ► Infantry forces were large and well organised, but desertion was a major problem. ► Battles were few, and evidence for innovative tactics is thin. ► After 1314 new solutions were needed.
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August 9, 2014, 3:58 a.m.,
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Medieval History,
Allgemein.
Publication date:
March 2011 Source:Journal of Medieval History, Volume 37, Issue 1
Author(s): Lars Kjær
This article investigates the use of feasts and gifts of food in the household of Eleanor de Montfort between February and August 1265. In his influential The dangers of ritual, Philippe Buc argued, through a study of early medieval chronicles, that rituals in medieval Europe were regularly targets for disruption and aggressive manipulation either in practice or in the texts reporting the rituals. This article tests Buc’s thesis against administrative records from thirteenth-century England. The evidence from Eleanor’s household accounts is illuminated through a study of contemporary literary sources and didactic texts. It concludes that the administrative records indicate that rituals in practice were less habitually the subject of manipulation and conflict than the literary evidence indicates.
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August 9, 2014, 3:58 a.m.,
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Medieval History,
Allgemein.
Publication date:
September 2011 Source:Journal of Medieval History, Volume 37, Issue 3
Author(s): Anne Curry, Adrian R. Bell
The papers in this special issue exemplify how, through the study of sources beyond the chronicles which have tended to dominate historical writing about fourteenth-century military history in western Europe, we can advance our knowledge on how war was waged by the English — and on some occasions by their enemies too. Highlights
► Preface to special issue: Waging war in the fourteenth century. ► Studying sources beyond chronicles advances knowledge in this area. ► New insights into the way England and her enemies conducted war.
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August 9, 2014, 3:58 a.m.,
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Medieval History,
Allgemein.
Kommentare geschlossen
August 9, 2014, 3:58 a.m.,
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Medieval History,
Allgemein.
Kommentare geschlossen
August 9, 2014, 3:58 a.m.,
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Medieval History,
Allgemein.
Publication date:
September 2010 Source:Journal of Medieval History, Volume 36, Issue 3
Author(s): Savvas Neocleous
This article examines Latin allegations of Byzantine-Muslim conspiracies against the crusades in the course of the twelfth century, the charges surviving in various chronicles, reports and letters. While their sensational elements have been noted, the Latin accounts portraying Byzantine rulers as allies of the ‘infidels’ against the crusades and the crusader states have generally been taken more or less at face value by modern scholars. A closer examination discloses how these allegations of Byzantine-Muslim collusion were based on rumour, which mainly evolved and flourished among the rank and file of the crusader armies. They eventually found their way into the chronicles, having become more outlandish in transmission. The functions they fulfilled ranged from creating a scapegoat for the failures of the Crusade of 1101 and Second Crusade, to interpretation and explanation, or rather misinterpretation, in the case of the Third Crusade. Despite the fact that, in general, these theories do not seem to have appealed to Latin emperors, kings, and nobles, paradoxically it was a noble of the Fourth Crusade, Baldwin IX of Flanders, together with his clerical advisers, who finally exploited them in May and June 1204 in order to justify the Latin conquest of Christian Constantinople.
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August 9, 2014, 3:58 a.m.,
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Medieval History,
Allgemein.
Publication date:
December 2011 Source:Journal of Medieval History, Volume 37, Issue 4
Author(s): Gwilym Dodd
Thomas Favent’s Historia has long been recognised as an important source for the turbulent middle years of Richard II’s reign, in particular for its praise of the actions of the Lords Appellant in the Merciless Parliament of 1388. But why did Favent write the Historia and for whom was it written? In recent years the Historia has for the first time been subjected to detailed scrutiny and a case has made for regarding it as a political pamphlet written for a community of reform-minded civil servants eager to celebrate the achievements of parliament. This study offers an alternative explanation. It seeks to place the Historia more squarely within the turbulent environment of London’s factional politics. Favent’s factional affiliations are easily discerned, but his motivations for writing the Historia were complex and multi-faceted. A new reading of this text suggests, in fact, that it was written not to perpetuate divisions within London, but to draw a line underneath them. The article highlights the use of textual representation to shape and ultimately control memories of political conflict. Highlights
► Argues that Thomas Favent’s Historia was not a political pamphlet. ► Re-appraises its context in the London of Richard II. ► Suggests that the Historia was written in response to John of Northampton’s continued exile. ► It was not a tool of faction, but supported re-establishment of political consensus in London. ► It was composed as an unsolicited text for London’s ruling elite and ceased to circulate after 1391.
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