Juli 16, 2014, 1:35 p.m.,
Ludi, R.,
Allgemein.
In 1956, thousands of Hungarian refugees found a warm welcome in Switzerland. Swiss students took to the streets to demonstrate against Soviet repression of the Hungarian uprising. However, the upsurge of public sympathy for the refugees barely covered up recent controversy in Switzerland over asylum policy during the years of fascism and the Second World War. In 1954, only two years before the Hungarian refugee crisis, newly released German foreign policy documents had revealed Swiss involvement in the introduction of the ‘J’-stamp in 1938 to mark the passports of German (and formerly Austrian) Jews, making it easier for Swiss immigration officials to identify Jews as (undesirable) refugees. Those revelations came as a shock to the Swiss public, who had taken pride in the country’s humanitarian achievements during the Second World War and had readily accepted official propaganda aimed to counter Allied criticism of Swiss neutrality policy. International and domestic indignation over those revelations eventually motivated the Swiss government to mandate an official investigation into asylum policy during the pre-war and wartime period. The findings of that examination pointed to concerted efforts by the highest authorities to prevent Jewish refugees from seeking asylum in Switzerland and turn them away at the Swiss border until 1944. This led over the following decades to an ongoing debate on the history of asylum policy. Closely linked to elements of national identity, such as neutrality, the Red Cross and humanitarianism, the specifics of Swiss asylum policy were rarely considered in a wider European context. In situating recent research on Swiss refugee policy during the ‘Forty Years' Crisis' in a wider European context, this article reconsiders Switzerland's situation as one of Nazi Germany democratic neighbours in the 1930s and as the only neutral country within reach for many refugees during the Second World War. Placing special emphasis on the transnational dynamics of refugee policies, it also questions some of the received assumptions guiding the interpretation of the history of asylum in Switzerland.
Quelle: http://jch.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/49/3/577?rss=1
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Juli 16, 2014, 1:35 p.m.,
Knight, R.,
Allgemein.
This article seeks to link Austrian policy and attitudes towards Displaced Persons and refugees with the postwar project of establishing a national identity which was clearly demarcated from National Socialist Germany. Building on critical views of Austria as a ‘reluctant country of exile’ it goes back to postwar Austrian perceptions of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) as an organization which, though providing welcome relief, was also tarnished through association with criminality and the black market. It then examines Austria’s demarcation from ‘ethnic Germans’ on the one hand and Jewish Displaced Persons on the other, which reflected an informal ‘heirarchy of empathy’ but also indicated the potential of both groups, in very different ways, to disrupt the national demarcation project. An analysis of the treatment of anti-communist DPs and refugees in the Cold War questions the claim that Austrians sympathized with them. The article concludes that while the perception of Austrian humanitarianism towards DPs and refugees became part of the Austrian self-image as a victim of Nazi rule and a potential victim of the Soviet Union, the historical record is much less clear-cut.
Quelle: http://jch.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/49/3/491?rss=1
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Juli 16, 2014, 1:35 p.m.,
Frank, M., Reinisch, J.,
Allgemein.
This special issue examines how refugees and refugee crises were defined and managed by European nation-states in the four decades after the end of the First World War. Our introduction sketches out the broad historical canvas of the refugee problem in Europe and highlights a number of overarching themes of and comparisons between the papers.
Quelle: http://jch.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/49/3/477?rss=1
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Juli 16, 2014, 12:05 p.m.,
Christopher Kelen et al,
article.
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Juli 16, 2014, 11:49 a.m.,
Nelleke Bakker,
article.
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Juli 16, 2014, 11:47 a.m.,
Hannah Forsyth,
article.
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Juli 16, 2014, 11:47 a.m.,
Jakob Evertsson,
article.
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Juli 16, 2014, 11:22 a.m.,
Kelly Washbourne,
article.
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Juli 16, 2014, 10:00 a.m.,
Edizioni FrancoAngeli - Last issue of MEMORIA E RICERCA (45/2014),
Allgemein.
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Juli 16, 2014, 10:00 a.m.,
Edizioni FrancoAngeli - Last issue of MEMORIA E RICERCA (45/2014),
Allgemein.
Andrea GiuntiniIn terms of imperial power, invested capital, financial risk, technological challenge, and public opinion involvement, submarine telegraphy is an extremely important page in the entire book of contemporary economic history. The first international telecommunications network, created thanks to submarine cables, was one of the privileged components in the debate over the establishment of the first global economy at the end of the nineteenth century. The innovative communication network reshaped the international assets of economic and political power. In 1866 the first cable was laid in the Atlantic gave a new measure of the distance between Europe and America.
Quelle: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/MemoriaRicerca/~3/LDp6hY9rpwI/Scheda_Riviste.asp
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