From Silks to Spices: Changing Processes of Retailing and Consumption in Eighteenth-Century English Towns
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/42/3/647?rss=1
Archiv für April 2016
Toward an „Unburnable City“: Reimagining the Urban Landscape in 1930s Japanese Media
In the late 1930s, during the first years of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), the Japanese government tasked the Home Ministry (Naimushō) with the promotion of urban civil defense. A critical element in these government media campaigns was the promotion of the „unburnable city“ (moenai toshi), an ideal cityscape that could better withstand the incendiary ravages of aerial bombardment. This article examines the multimedia „unburnable city“ campaign in Japan from two perspectives: as part of broader international concerns regarding the effect of aviation technology on modern warfare in the 1930s and as a regional issue that required unique representational strategies to adequately convey the threat of aerial attack not yet experienced in the Japanese homeland. I discuss how memories of the 1923 Great Kantō Earthquake and its subsequent fires functioned as a traumatic surrogate to communicate the physical and emotional stakes of civic duty and urban reform to Japanese urbanites mobilizing for „total war.“
Freedom North Studies, the Long Civil Rights Movement, and Twentieth-Century Liberalism in American Cities
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/42/3/634?rss=1
Urban Survey and Planning in Twentieth-Century Japan: Wajiro Kons „Modernology“ and Its Descendants
Since the nineteenth century, the survey of people’s way of life were the basic method to study big cities. Even though the surveys were motivated by social awareness, the result was mainly analyzed by scientific, political and economical intere…
Metabolist Utopias and Their Global Influence: Three Paradigms of Urbanism
Despite the recent revival of interest in the work of Metabolism, Japan’s architectural avant-garde in the 1960s, the Metabolist discourse of the city and its impact on modern society has not been given its justice due to the stereotype of „mega…
Paving Power: Western Urban Planning and Imperial Space from the Streets of Meiji Tokyo to Colonial Seoul
This article examines street improvement projects in Tokyo and Seoul as case studies for tracing the active participation of Japanese urban planners in the global flow of urban planning concepts and technologies from the West to Japan, and then from J…
„I Love You Peters Proud Creation“: Cultural Topographies of St. Petersburg
Quelle: http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/42/3/641?rss=1
Nagasakis Districts: Western Contact with Japan through the History of a Citys Space
Nagasaki’s cityscape reveals a history beyond the 1945 atomic bombing. Four main area „districts“ were focal points for Japan’s contact with the West spanning four hundred years: (1) the Urakami District, Japan’s most significant loc…
Japanese Cities in Global Context
Japan has been part of a transnational and cross-cultural exchange of planning ideas for many centuries. A comprehensive analysis of exchange between the island nation, its Asian neighbors, and the larger world is still missing, despite the growing in…
Rediscovering Japanese Urban Space in a World Context
Counter to the rise of the modern metropolis in Japan in „the era of high-speed growth“ following World War II, a movement to embrace elements of traditional townscapes that had been lost as rational urban planning took hold from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s. During this period, the realities of large-scale urban development and increasing urban problems would eventually expose the limitations of functional planning and the need to preserve traditional structures and townscapes. While architects like Bruno Taut had praised the virtues of the farmhouse villages at Shirakawago in the 1930s and Yoshida Tetsurō presented traditional Japanese architecture to an international audience as contemporary design before World War II, among others, the discourse subsequently shifted from Japanese objects and structures to urban space in the postwar period. This discourse on Japanese urban space would lead to the publication of „Nihon no toshi kūkan“ (Japanese Urban Space) in 1963 (1968 as a book) that presented the work of the Toshi dezain kenkyūtai (Urban Design Research Group) including Isozaki Arata (1931-) and architectural historian Itō Teiji (1922-2010). This article analyzes the origins and implications of this work through a plethora of subsequent „design surveys“ throughout Japan and other trajectories of research and design of Japanese urban space from the 1960s to the present.